2007
Hammett, Adam
Pittel, Boris
Two permutations of [n]:={1,2,...,n} are comparable in Bruhat order if
one can be obtained from the other by a sequence of transpositions
decreasing the number of inversions. Let P(n) be the probability that
two independent and uniformly random permutations are comparable in
Bruhat order. We demonstrate that P(n) is of order n^{-2} at most, and
(0.708)^n at least. We also extend this result to r-tuples of
permutations. Namely, if P(n,r) denotes the probability that r
independent and uniformly random permutations form an r-long chain in
Bruhat order, we demonstrate that P(n,r) is of order n^{-r(r-1)} at
most, an exact extension of the case P(n,2)=P(n). For the related "weak
order" - when only adjacent transpositions are admissible - we show
that P^*(n) is of order (0.362)^n at most, and
(H(1)/2)*(H(2)/2)*...*(H(n)/n) at least. Here H(i)=1/1+1/2+....+1/i,
and P^*(n) is defined analogously to P(n), but for weak order. Finally,
the weak order poset is a lattice, and we study Q(n,r), the probability
that r independent and uniformly random permutations have trivial
infimum, 12...n. We prove that [Q(n,r)]^{1/n}-->1/q(r), as n tends
to infinity. Here, q(r) is the unique (positive) root of the equation
1-z+z^2/(2!)^r+...+(-z)^j/(j!)^r=0, lying in the disk |z|<2.
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